Utilization of Copper Slag in Bituminous Mix
Abstract
There is a huge demand of aggregates for the construction of roads and concrete constructions in Pakistan. The construction of roads for high-speed traffic and heavy axle loads put enormous pressure on road materials. Many public sectors as well as private organizations are carrying out a wide range of research projects on the environmental, feasibility, and economic performance of using industrial waste products in the construction of roads. This study is attempted to fulfill the needs of society in the safe and economical disposal of waste material. This research aims to explore the potential use of copper slag (CS) as a replacement of fine aggregate and filler material. Comparison of conventional HMA samples and HMA samples having some percentage of copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregates. First, test aggregates and bitumen with 0% copper slag to determine their mechanical properties. Make samples and add bitumen percentage (3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, and 5.5%). Copper slag was added with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% by weight. In the end, the tests were performed on the Marshal Apparatus. The experimental results showed that the addition of 20% of copper slag as fine aggregates has maximum Marshall Stability, a higher flow rate, maximum VFB and specific gravity slightly increases as compare to conventional HMA. Therefore, the strength is maximum by the addition of 20% copper slag, so we can use it in heavy traffic lanes and runways. Copper slag is economical as compared to other fine aggregates, so it should be implemented in Pakistan. Sufficient research has been conducted in Pakistan since it’s not being implemented frequently. Therefore, we have some solid reasons, conclusion and recommendations in this research.
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